ISLAND PROFILE
The flattest of Cabo Verde's islands and its major international gateway, facing critical challenges of extreme water scarcity and drought vulnerability.
28,000+
Population
216 km²
Area
Santa Maria
Main City
Flat, desert
Terrain
Sal is the flattest island in Cabo Verde with elevations rarely exceeding 100 meters. Its flat desert landscape is characterized by salt pans (which gave the island its name) and sandy terrain. The climate is extremely arid with virtually no rainfall, making water access the island's primary survival challenge.
Historically, Sal was home to extensive salt production operations that made it economically important. The discovery of the harbor and later airport development transformed it into Cabo Verde's international gateway. Today, it serves as the primary point of entry for international visitors and goods.
Sal's economy is heavily dependent on tourism and the Amílcar Cabral International Airport. The island hosts resorts and facilities for international visitors. Fishing remains an important sector for local communities. The island's economic dependence on external inputs makes it vulnerable during supply disruptions.
Sal faces extreme water scarcity and extended droughts that pose critical health risks. Coastal flooding from hurricanes and high seas can impact the flat terrain. The island's limited natural freshwater sources and dependence on desalination make water security a permanent challenge.
We're working with local communities and authorities on Sal to develop water access initiatives and emergency response capacity. The island's critical water needs make partnerships with healthcare providers and desalination operators essential to our mission.